Tuanshan village, built during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), is regarded as the gems of Chinese folk houses. The architectural styles of the 19th century and beyond remain intact and are well-preserved.Situated 13 kilometers to the west of Jianshui town in Southwest of China in Yunnan province, Tuanshan is inhabited by both ethnic Yi and Han Chinese people with about 80 percent of families having the surname "Zhang". The Zhang family migrated as merchants to the area from Jiangxi province from East China in the early Ming Dynasty and later prospered after settling at Tuanshan.There is a national-level protected cultural relic named "Huang'en Mansion", built in 1909. Most structures in Tuanshan are two-storey compounds with courtyards facing east, featuring black tile roofs, pointed eaves and whitewashed outer walls.A building named "Family Zhang's Garden", built in 1905, is another national-level protected cultural relic. There are more than 26 well-preserved residences combining Han Chinese and Yi ethnic styles in the village. In 2006, Tuanshan was inscribed on the list of "100 Protected Memorial Architectural Heritages" by the World Cultural Heritage Fund.There are many exquisite ornamental wood, brick and stone carvings on residential buildings in Tuanshan. The decorations are normally inscribed or painted with traditional poetry, opera, calligraphy or colored paintings which reflect the Zhang family's cultural pursuits and its wealth. Residential buildings feature gray tiles and light yellow walls, giving people a feeling of simplicity and warmth.The Bishi Railway, sponsored by the Zhang family in 1912, was completed in 1936. It passed through Jijie Street in Tuanshan to Shipingduan and was the first privately operated railway in China. Rush cushions, made from straw, are examples of traditional craftsmanship in Tuanshan. For local villagers, this is not only a way to create economic benefit, but also help establish a cultural identity of their own.